SHA3-512 uses a 1600-bit sponge state. During the absorb phase, input blocks are mixed into a 576-bit rate portion and the Keccak permutation updates the whole state; the remaining 1024-bit capacity provides the security margin. After SHA-3 domain separation and padding, the squeeze phase reads 512 output bits. A tiny input change should alter many output bits—the avalanche effect shown in the examples below.
SHA3-512 can be used for integrity checks, long hash fingerprints, content identifiers, digital-signature workflows, protocol-specific digests, and cryptographic constructions that explicitly require SHA-3 with 512-bit output. A plain digest does not authenticate its source and is not a safe password-storage scheme. Use HMAC or KMAC when a secret key must authenticate data, and use Argon2id, scrypt, bcrypt, or PBKDF2 for passwords. SHAKE256 is a separate extendable-output function: unlike SHA3-512, it can produce a requested output length.